{"id":1041,"date":"2020-06-02T14:12:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T14:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/?p=1041"},"modified":"2020-11-20T19:00:11","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T19:00:11","slug":"des-vs-aes-everything-to-know-about-aes-256-and-des-encryption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/des-vs-aes-everything-to-know-about-aes-256-and-des-encryption\/","title":{"rendered":"DES vs AES: Everything to Know About AES 256 and DES Encryption"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AES might have been the successor of the DES encryption algorithm, but here\u2019s everything to know about these vastly different methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DES, AES, RSA, ECC \u2014 as someone who\u2019s been covering encryption, I\u2019ve always have complained about the names of these algorithms. First of all, these encryption acronyms sound too dull to communicate the awesome encryption work they do. And the second complaint is that they appear too random for a layman to understand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As much as I\u2019d like to write about the former, my fingers are tied to write about the latter. That\u2019s why, in this article, we\u2019ll be focusing upon DES vs AES \u2014 we\u2019ll cover what the DES encryption algorithm is, the AES encryption algorithm, how each is used, and what the differences are between these two extensively used symmetric block ciphers. Let\u2019s get right to it!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Symmetric Block Cipher?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"766\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/symmetric-vs-asymmetric-symmetric-example.png\" alt=\"Graphic that's an example of some of the components of a symmetric block cipher\" class=\"wp-image-978 addshadow\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/symmetric-vs-asymmetric-symmetric-example.png 766w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/symmetric-vs-asymmetric-symmetric-example-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/symmetric-vs-asymmetric-symmetric-example-560x243.png 560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 766px) 100vw, 766px\" \/><figcaption>An example of some of the components of a symmetric block cipher (symmetric encryption).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To know what DES vs AES actually means, you first need to understand what a symmetric block cipher is. Also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/types-of-encryption-what-to-know-about-symmetric-vs-asymmetric-encryption\/\">symmetric encryption<\/a> algorithm, a block cipher is a cryptographic algorithm that turns plaintext data into encrypted text (also known as ciphertext). To give you an example, a block cipher might turn &#8220;Apple&#8221; into something like &#8220;2e$5kv7fg*=v#.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The transformation from plaintext to ciphertext is carried out using what&#8217;s known as a symmetric encryption key, which is a mathematical function. Basically, upon applying this key, the plaintext is turned into blocks of a certain size that are then encrypted. Because it\u2019s a symmetric key, it can also decrypt the encrypted text, which reverts it to its original form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern block ciphers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Are fast and can process vast amounts of data.<\/strong> Because <a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/5-differences-between-symmetric-vs-asymmetric-encryption\/\">they\u2019re able to handle this better than asymmetric encryption<\/a> algorithms, it makes great for use in enterprises when you\u2019re encrypting data at scale.<\/li><li><strong>Use a substitution and transposition function.<\/strong> This complex series of processes that involves swapping out individual characters and blocks of ciphertext results in more secure ciphertext at the end of the process.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I hope this provided you with a greater understanding of symmetric block ciphers. Now, let\u2019s jump into the first part you\u2019re here for when learning about DES vs AES: the DES algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is the DES Symmetric Encryption Algorithm?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DES, which stands for data encryption standard, is a symmetric block cipher\/encryption algorithm that operates on a key length of 56-bits. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesslstore.com\/blog\/types-of-encryption-encryption-algorithms-how-to-choose-the-right-one\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DES was developed in the early 1970s by IBM<\/a> for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data. The final version of DES was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IBM created this algorithm based on the Feistel Structure, which was designed by a cryptographer named Horst Feistel. In this approach, the whole plaintext data as a whole is divided into two parts, and the encryption process is applied to each element individually. As DES works on a 64-bit input, the plaintext is divided into two parts of 32-bit each. Then, each part is supposed to undergo 16 \u201crounds\u201d of operation, and 64-bit encrypted text is produced as output. The encryption process involves several important steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Expansion <\/strong>\u2014 This refers to an increase in message length when it\u2019s encrypted.<\/li><li><strong>Permutation and substitution<\/strong> \u2014 Substitution replaces plaintext letters by letters or numbers or symbols. Permutation rearranges their order in plaintext.<\/li><li><strong>XOR operation with a round key<\/strong> \u2014 This refers to an encryption method that\u2019s based on the Boolean algebra function XOR.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why DES Isn\u2019t Secure to Use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To better understand DES vs AES \u2014 and why one it in use when the other is not \u2014 definitely pay attention here. The approval of DES to protect the U.S. government\u2019s sensitive information resulted in speedy and widespread adoption around the world. However, this also led to greater scrutiny about this encryption algorithm. One of the main reasons behind this concern was its shorter key length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To test the security of the DES algorithm, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DES_Challenges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">many challenges were initiated<\/a> to see whether the algorithm could be broken, which would leave any encrypted data vulnerable to exposure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The first challenge (DES I contest, 1997) took 84 days.<\/li><li>The second challenge (DES II, 1998) took a month.<\/li><li>The last one (DES III) took only 22 hours and 15 minutes to break through the DES algorithm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result of all of this, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/news-events\/news\/2005\/06\/nist-withdraws-outdated-data-encryption-standard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DES was viewed as being an insecure algorithm and became officially deprecated<\/a> by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2005. DES, which was a part of TLS 1.0 and 1.1 protocols, was discontinued in TLS 1.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Emergence of Triple DES (3DES)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the DES algorithm was found to be insecure, triple DES (3DES), also known as the triple data encryption algorithm (TDEA) <a href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/csrc\/media\/publications\/fips\/46\/3\/archive\/1999-10-25\/documents\/fips46-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">was introduced in 1999<\/a>. This version of the DES algorithm, as implied in the name, applies the DES algorithm three times to each data block. This made 3DES more secure than DES, and it became a powerful algorithm used extensively in payment systems, in the finance industry and in cryptographic protocols such as TLS, <a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/ssh-vs-ssl-exploring-the-similarities-and-differences\/\">SSH<\/a>, IPsec, and OpenVPN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, with time, 3DES was also found to be vulnerable based on the <a href=\"https:\/\/sweet32.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sweet32 vulnerability<\/a> that was discovered by researchers Karthikeyan Bhargavan and Ga\u00ebtan Leurent. This initiated the discussion of deprecating 3DES and, ultimately, NIST announced its retirement in a <a href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/CSRC\/media\/Publications\/sp\/800-131a\/rev-2\/draft\/documents\/sp800-131Ar2-draft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">draft guidance<\/a> published in 2018. Based on this recommendation, 3DES is to be eliminated from the use of all new applications after 2023. TLS 1.3, the latest standard for SSL\/TLS protocols, has also discontinued the use of 3DES, which was a part of the TLS 1.2 protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is the AES Symmetric Encryption Algorithm?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you thought that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesslstore.com\/blog\/advanced-encryption-standard-aes-what-it-is-and-how-it-works\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AES (advanced encryption standard)<\/a> came as a comparable replacement for DES, then you\u2019re right. AES, which is also known as Rijndael, was developed by two Belgian cryptographers named Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen. This encryption algorithm is actually a family of ciphers that are of different key lengths and block sizes. It became an encryption standard on approval by (NIST) almost 20 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared to DES and 3DES, AES offers much better performance \u2014both in terms of speed as well as security. It&#8217;s known to perform six times faster than DES. But what makes AES so great? The biggest strength of AES lies in the various key lengths it provides, which enables you to choose between 128-, 192-, and 256-bit keys. The use of AES 256-bit encryption is fairly standard nowadays, and generally speaking in encryption, the longer the key is, the harder it is to crack (and the more secure it is).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As we saw, DES relies on the Feistel network in which the data block is divided into two halves before applying the encryption process. AES, on the other hand, works on the method of substitution and permutation. In AES, the plaintext data is converted into 128-bit blocks, and then the encryption key of 128 bits is applied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-key-expansion-add-round-key.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1043\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-key-expansion-add-round-key.png 320w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-key-expansion-add-round-key-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption>AddRoundKey example image source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard#Description_of_the_ciphers\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a>. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The AES encryption process involves 10 rounds of operation, with each round having its sub-processes that include sub-bytes, shift rows, mix columns, and add round keys. The last round (10<sup>th<\/sup>), however, doesn\u2019t include the sub-process of mix columns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In AES, the higher the number of rounds that are performed, the greater the level of security the encryption affords. The number of rounds applied in the encryption process depends upon the size of the key. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>10 rounds are included for a 128- bit key,<\/li><li>12 rounds for a 192- bit key, and<\/li><li>14 rounds for a 256- bit keys.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is AES Encryption Strong Enough?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to breaking AES \u2014 or most encryption algorithm methods for that matter \u2014 there\u2019s only one method to rely on. This method is known as \u201cbrute forcing.\u201d In simpler words, it\u2019s a trial-and-error operation that\u2019s performed by computers at a super-fast speed. That\u2019s why, the longer the key length is, the higher the number of possible combinations an attacker will have to brute force to crack it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to the security of AES-256, there are 2<sup>256<\/sup> possible combinations. Now that\u2019s a pretty large number. Here\u2019s what it looks like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations-1024x22.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of the combinations that are possible with AES 256-bit encryption.\" class=\"wp-image-1042\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations-1024x22.png 1024w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations-300x7.png 300w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations-560x12.png 560w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations-940x20.png 940w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/aes-256-possible-combinations.png 1057w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Image source: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/privacycanada.net\/cryptanalysis\/why-is-2-256-secure\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Canada<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>So, what does this mean? Basically, this number is exponentially bigger than the number of atoms in the perceivable universe. So, even if a modern supercomputer tries multiple quadrillions of combinations per second, it&#8217;d take longer than the age of our universe to crack this number. Not only 256 bits, but brute-forcing AES-128 is also useless.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, that doesn\u2019t mean that AES will remain invincible. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesslstore.com\/blog\/post-quantum-cryptography-data-security-in-a-post-quantum-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Quantum computers<\/a>, with their qubital superpowers, are expected to break AES encryption. However, there\u2019s no need to worry about it right now as they\u2019re still some years away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where Is AES Used?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>AES is an extremely potent and efficient method when it comes to encryption of the data. That&#8217;s why many agencies \u2014 including the National Security Agency (NSA) and other government entities \u2014 use AES encryption to protect sensitive information. Apart from that, AES is used as a standard for the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wireless security<\/li><li>Processor security &amp; file encryption<\/li><li>SSL\/TLS protocol (website security)<\/li><li>Wi-Fi security<\/li><li>Mobile app encryption<\/li><li>Libraries in software development<\/li><li>VPN (virtual private network) implementation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DES vs AES: A Side-By-Side Comparison of These Two Symmetric Encryption Algorithms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeah, that was a lot of information to try to take in all at once. And, frankly, it can all be a bit confusing if you\u2019re somewhat new to the topic. That\u2019s why we thought it might be helpful to include a side-by-side comparison table to help you see the differences between these two algorithms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>DES Encryption Algorithm<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>AES Encryption Algorithm<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Established as a standard in 1977.<\/td><td>Standardized in 2001.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Has the key length of 56 bits.<\/td><td>It offers key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The block size is 64 bits.<\/td><td>The block size can be of 128, 192, or 256 bits \u2013 depending upon the key length.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The encryption process is time-consuming.<\/td><td>It offers almost six times faster performance compared to 3DES.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The encryption process involves 16 rounds.<\/td><td>The encryption process involves 10, 12, and 14 rounds in the case of 128, 192, and 256 bits, respectively.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The original version of DES has been found to be insecure and was deprecated from use in 2005. 3DES, the upgraded version of DES, is currently in use in some applications, but it&#8217;s due to be deprecated in 2023.<\/td><td>AES is a much secure symmetric encryption algorithm with no considerable weakness found in it. It\u2019s used worldwide in applications such as hardware, software, SSL\/TLS protocols, etc. It\u2019s the current standard of symmetric encryption.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>It is based on Feistel Cipher Structure.<\/td><td>AES works substitution &amp; permutation principle.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>An encryption round involves Expansions permutation Xor, S-box, P-box, Xor, and Swap.<\/td><td>Encryption round involves Subtypes, Shiftonce, Mix columns, and Addroundkeys.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Thoughts: Our Two Cents on DES vs AES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to the DES vs. AES debate, there&#8217;s only one winner. That&#8217;s why all modern day applications rely on AES instead of the DES encryption algorithm for secure encryption. However, that doesn\u2019t mean that you\u2019re not using DES. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssllabs.com\/ssl-pulse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SSL Labs<\/a>, an estimated 2.5% of websites are still using TLS 1.0 and 1.1 protocols, which consist of the insecure DES algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure that you&#8217;re not one of those websites, you must check your server configuration and disable support for both the protocols. When it comes to security, ignorance is not bliss!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AES might have been the successor of the DES encryption algorithm, but here\u2019s everything to know about these vastly different methods DES, AES, RSA, ECC \u2014 as someone who\u2019s been&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","tve_updated_post":"","tve_custom_css":"","tve_user_custom_css":"","tve_globals":{},"tcb2_ready":0,"tcb_editor_enabled":0,"tve_landing_page":"","_tve_header":"","_tve_footer":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[74,75],"class_list":["post-1041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encryption","tag-aes","tag-des","post-with-tags"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DES vs AES: Everything to Know About AES 256 and DES Encryption - InfoSec Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DES vs AES \u2014 understanding the difference can be tricky. 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