{"id":1610,"date":"2020-05-06T09:49:28","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T09:49:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/?p=1610"},"modified":"2024-07-01T11:06:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T11:06:42","slug":"how-does-https-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/how-does-https-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How Does HTTPS Work to Improve Website Security?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wondering how does HTTPS encryption really work?&nbsp;We&#8217;ll&nbsp;break it down into 5 simple steps&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s&nbsp;no secret&nbsp;that&nbsp;an HTTPS&nbsp;connection&nbsp;is&nbsp;required&nbsp;for data security&nbsp;on websites.&nbsp;In fact,&nbsp;Google uses it as one of its search ranking factors.&nbsp;But&nbsp;to&nbsp;answer the question&nbsp;\u201chow does HTTPS work?\u201d you first need to understand how&nbsp;an HTTPS&nbsp;connection&nbsp;protects&nbsp;your&nbsp;data&nbsp;and what role&nbsp;an SSL certificate plays&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;HTTPS protocol&nbsp;enabling process.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where an <a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/ssl-certificates\/positivessl?utm_expid=.FvGUpbXxTTCh3CqfXewn_w.0&amp;utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fsectigostore.com%2Fssl-types%2Fdv-ssl-certificates\">SSL\/TLS&nbsp;certificate&nbsp;<\/a>comes into play.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we will&nbsp;answer your questions about&nbsp;\u201chow does HTTPS&nbsp;work?\u201d&nbsp;and \u201chow does HTTPS encryption work?\u201d&nbsp;We\u2019ll&nbsp;also explore&nbsp;how it&nbsp;secures data, and&nbsp;how an SSL certificate&nbsp;is required&nbsp;to&nbsp;enable&nbsp;the HTTPS protocol&nbsp;in the first place.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does HTTPS Work?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)&nbsp;is made&nbsp;for transferring data via internet from one computer to another.&nbsp;It&nbsp;uses&nbsp;port&nbsp;80, and the data&nbsp;remains&nbsp;in plaintext&nbsp;format in transit.&nbsp;An HTTPS protocol, on the other hand, is&nbsp;the secure version of this protocol&nbsp;that relies on&nbsp;port 443.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HTTPS works on public key infrastructure (PKI) to encrypt online communications. A PKI encrypts and decrypts the data using two types of keys \u2013 public and private \u2013 to ensure its security. Nowadays, the data transmitted online is protected using transport layer security (TLS), a protocol within the PKI infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An <a href=\"http:\/\/sectigostore.com\">SSL\/TLS certificate<\/a>&nbsp;is needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;make this happen.&nbsp;When you install an SSL certificate on your server, it&nbsp;provides&nbsp;a layer of security around this&nbsp;data. It enables&nbsp;your website to&nbsp;be served&nbsp;via&nbsp;the&nbsp;secure&nbsp;HTTPS&nbsp;channel&nbsp;where the data gets encrypted while it is traveling from one&nbsp;endpoint to another.&nbsp;It also&nbsp;&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;that&nbsp;the data&nbsp;is routed&nbsp;to the right server.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To make things a little&nbsp;clearer, let&#8217;s&nbsp;explore what exactly happens when you install an SSL certificate and how does HTTPS encryption work with this five steps process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Exchanging&nbsp;<em>Hello<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When a website visitor opens a website on a browser, the browser&nbsp;sends a&nbsp;\u201cclient hello\u201d (also written as&nbsp;ClientHello)&nbsp;to the server (where the website&nbsp;is hosted).&nbsp;The message, which is part of the SSL\/TLS handshake process,&nbsp;contains&nbsp;the&nbsp;set of algorithms&nbsp;(cipher&nbsp;suites) it requires the make an HTTPS connection&nbsp;and the&nbsp;latest TLS version it can support.&nbsp;The server responds by sending the server hello (ServerHello) message&nbsp;to make the browser know whether it can support the ciphers and TLS version required by the browser.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If it does, they move forward to the next step&nbsp;in the handshake process. If not, the browser will show the users the error page with error&nbsp;messages such as&nbsp;\u201cERR_CERT_WEAK_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"663\" src=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image.png\" alt=\"HOW DOES HTTPS WORK\" class=\"wp-image-1611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image.png 1024w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-768x497.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2)&nbsp;Verifying SSL\/TLS&nbsp;Certificate&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, the server sends its SSL certificate to the client. The SSL certificate would be just a simple text file&nbsp;containing the domain\u2019s public key, hostname, issuance and expiry dates, etc. The client verifies whether the certificate is&nbsp;valid&nbsp;or&nbsp;has been&nbsp;revoked,&nbsp;and&nbsp;ensures that it&nbsp;supports&nbsp;the required ciphers. It also confirms whether the certificate belongs to the &#8220;hostname&#8221; (i.e., domain name or an IP address)&nbsp;that&nbsp;the user has requested.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3)&nbsp;&nbsp;Validating&nbsp;the CA&nbsp;Signature<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After verifying the TLS\/SSL certificate, the browser confirms who issued and signed the certificate.&nbsp;Typically, this is a trusted third-party&nbsp;entity that\u2019s known as&nbsp;a certificate authority (CA).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An SSL certificate is just a text file that anyone can make and sign. So, the browsers\u00a0need\u00a0a third-party, whom it trusts, to vouch that the details written in the certificate are legitimate.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When you buy your SSL certificate from a CA,\u00a0it follows a strict\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/help.sectigostore.com\/support\/solutions\/folders\/22000168635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">validation process<\/a>\u00a0stipulated by the\u00a0\u00a0CA\/Browser\u00a0Forum.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only after\u00a0successful validation\u00a0does\u00a0the CA\u00a0sign\u00a0your certificate with its own intermediate root certificate\u2019s private key.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The browsers\u00a0have\u00a0a pre-installed root store, which it uses to verify the validity of the signature.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the certificate has a legit CA&#8217;s signature,\u00a0the SSL handshake process completes (finally!), and\u00a0it would follow the next step. If not, it will show error messages such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/fix-your-connection-is-not-private-chrome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID<\/a>\u00a0to the user.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you are using a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/what-is-a-self-signed-certificate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">self-signed certificate<\/a>, the browser\u00a0won&#8217;t\u00a0trust\u00a0it\u00a0and will show the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/sec_error_expired_certificate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ERROR_SELF_SIGNED_CERT<\/a>\u00a0error message to the users.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4)&nbsp;Generating&nbsp;a Shared&nbsp;Session Key<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During&nbsp;the&nbsp;SSL handshake process, the browser generates a random session key&nbsp;(typically made&nbsp;using the RSA key exchange&nbsp;algorithm). It encrypts it&nbsp;using the public key contained in the SSL\/TLS certificate.&nbsp;The server needs to decrypt the session key with the private key.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All the&nbsp;servers&nbsp;have a&nbsp;unique public key&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;corresponding private key.&nbsp;Each&nbsp;public key is stored in the certificate and can be viewed by anyone. It\u2019s&nbsp;used to encrypt the data. Its mathematically related private key is safely stored on the server and is used for decrypting the data.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5)&nbsp;Transferring the&nbsp;Data&nbsp;Via HTTPS<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now,&nbsp;when someone visits your website,&nbsp;all their&nbsp;user data&nbsp;will be&nbsp;transmitted in a secure, encrypted channel&nbsp;throughout the entire session&nbsp;using this&nbsp;session&nbsp;key.&nbsp;Their data also will&nbsp;travel&nbsp;over the internet using a secure HTTPS port&nbsp;to&nbsp;reach&nbsp;your&nbsp;server. The server&nbsp;then&nbsp;decrypts the data using the same session key.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So,&nbsp;in a nutshell,&nbsp;this is how HTTPS works.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the entire process looks&nbsp;lengthy,&nbsp;it\u2019s&nbsp;automatically happening in the background&nbsp;so quickly,&nbsp;within just seconds&nbsp;(or,&nbsp;rather,&nbsp;fractions&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;second),&nbsp;that you&nbsp;won&#8217;t&nbsp;even notice. Most of the time,&nbsp;this process&nbsp;doesn&#8217;t&nbsp;affect the speed of the website, but if you have&nbsp;a large number of&nbsp;visitors accessing&nbsp;your&nbsp;website&nbsp;simultaneously, the server needs to deal with&nbsp;numerous&nbsp;session keys at the same time. So, the connection speed might get little hampered. But in such cases,&nbsp;you can&nbsp;use&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/what-is-ssl-offloading-features-benefits-of-ssl-offloading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SSL offloading<\/a>&nbsp;to improve the site speed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"graysection\">\n<h2>Get the Top-Notch Brand Sectigo&#8217;s SSL Conly For $8.95\/Year! <\/h2>\n<p>Save 87% on SSL Security Certificates! Get the lowest prices on trusted SSL certificates from Sectigo.<\/p>\n<a class=\"greenbutton\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\">Shop Now<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What&nbsp;If&nbsp;Someone Gets Access to&nbsp;Your&nbsp;Encrypted Data?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The magic of the HTTPS protocol is that, just like&nbsp;it happens with HTTP, anyone can intercept the data while it is in transit. However, all they would get is an encrypted form of the data&nbsp;(ciphertext), which would be nothing more than a bunch of&nbsp;gibberish&nbsp;that&nbsp;doesn\u2019t&nbsp;make sense at all!&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, even after&nbsp;getting access to the data, no one can read, interpret,&nbsp;modify, or steal it&nbsp;without having&nbsp;the private key to decrypt it!&nbsp;That&#8217;s&nbsp;how the HTTPS encryption works and secures the data in transit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wrapping Up&nbsp;the Topic of \u201cHow Does HTTPS Work?\u201d&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, an SSL certificate must be installed&nbsp;on the server&nbsp;(where the website is hosted)&nbsp;to enable the HTTPS protocol. An SSL\/TLS certificate must be signed by the publicly trusted CA, too, to&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;that&nbsp;the browser trusts&nbsp;the certificate.&nbsp;All of&nbsp;these things come together to make a secure connection possible via the HTTPS protocol.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you get your SSL\/TLS certificate from a&nbsp;reputable&nbsp;CA like&nbsp;Sectigo&nbsp;(formerly Comodo CA), all the browsers will trust your certificate.&nbsp;With every SSL certificate purchase,&nbsp;you\u2019ll&nbsp;get up&nbsp;to&nbsp;an&nbsp;82% discount on the retail price,&nbsp;a&nbsp;free dynamic&nbsp;site seal,&nbsp;a&nbsp;generous warranty,&nbsp;a&nbsp;30-day&nbsp;money-back&nbsp;guarantee, and 24\/7 live customer support.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"greenbutton\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/standard-ssl-certificate\/\">Learn About Standard SSL Certificates<\/a>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"graysection\">\n\n<a class=\"greenbutton\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/blog\/what-is-doxxing-5-examples-of-doxxing-and-how-to-prevent-it\/\">What Is Doxxing? 5 Examples of Doxxing and How to Prevent It<\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wondering how does HTTPS encryption really work?&nbsp;We&#8217;ll&nbsp;break it down into 5 simple steps&nbsp; It\u2019s&nbsp;no secret&nbsp;that&nbsp;an HTTPS&nbsp;connection&nbsp;is&nbsp;required&nbsp;for data security&nbsp;on websites.&nbsp;In fact,&nbsp;Google uses it as one of its search ranking factors.&nbsp;But&nbsp;to&nbsp;answer the question&nbsp;\u201chow does HTTPS work?\u201d you first need to understand how&nbsp;an HTTPS&nbsp;connection&nbsp;protects&nbsp;your&nbsp;data&nbsp;and what role&nbsp;an SSL certificate plays&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;HTTPS protocol&nbsp;enabling process.&nbsp;&nbsp; This is where an SSL\/TLS&nbsp;certificate&nbsp;comes into play.&nbsp; In this article, we will&nbsp;answer your questions about&nbsp;\u201chow does HTTPS&nbsp;work?\u201d&nbsp;and \u201chow does HTTPS encryption work?\u201d&nbsp;We\u2019ll&nbsp;also explore&nbsp;how it&nbsp;secures data, and&nbsp;how an SSL certificate&nbsp;is required&nbsp;to&nbsp;enable&nbsp;the HTTPS protocol&nbsp;in the first place.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How Does HTTPS Work?&nbsp; The&nbsp;hypertext transfer protocol <a href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/how-does-https-work\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-advance-ssl","category-ssl-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Does HTTPS Work to Improve Website Security? - SectigoStore<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"To answer the question \u201chow does HTTPS work?\u201d you first need to understand how an HTTPS connection protects your data and what role an SSL certificate plays\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/how-does-https-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Does HTTPS Work to Improve Website Security? - SectigoStore\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"To answer the question \u201chow does HTTPS work?\u201d you first need to understand how an HTTPS connection protects your data and what role an SSL certificate plays\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/how-does-https-work\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SectigoStore\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sectigostore\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-06T09:49:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-01T11:06:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sectigostore.com\/page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"sectigostorepages\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@sectigostore\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@sectigostore\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sectigostorepages\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sectigostorepages\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f38f303abd42ade13a74a5d3c12b1cec\"},\"headline\":\"How Does HTTPS Work to Improve Website Security?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-06T09:49:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-01T11:06:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1532,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/image.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Advanced SSL\",\"SSL Basics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sectigostore.com\\\/page\\\/how-does-https-work\\\/\",\"name\":\"How Does HTTPS Work to Improve Website Security? 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